Toxins (catalysis)
Catalysts "live" from the active sites on their surface; these can be tiny platinum particles, acid centers, iron crystal surfaces, liquid vanadium oxide islands, finely dispersed nickel metal, etc. The accelerated reactions take place at these sites. If these sites are no longer available to the gas, the catalyst ceases to function. Typical detrimental substances to active sites include sulfates, dust, siloxanes (vitrification), chlorine, phosphorus, soot, etc.
hybrid service bundles
Our customers need solutions, often a combination of individual services. C&CS is a full-service provider for industrial catalysis and can offer integrated services including: – Expertise (assessments, consulting, calculations, laboratories), – Supply of suitable materials (catalysts, adsorbents, specialty products), – Handling in the reactor and plant (filling, emptying, regeneration, recycling, disposal). Hybrid service bundles (hySB) are the answer to complex, demanding catalysis challenges and […]
silica gel
Silica gel, also known as silica gel, is an amorphous, porous silicon dioxide (SiO₂) with a high specific surface area, typically 600–800 m²/g. It is produced by the polycondensation of sodium silicate followed by aging, washing, and drying. Due to its adsorption properties, silica gel serves as a desiccant, support, or chromatography material in chemical processes. Adsorption occurs physically via van der Waals forces and […]
Catalysis Laboratory
A catalysis laboratory determines the kinetics of a catalyst and its reaction, specifically conversion and selectivity. Important terms in this context also include activation energy, space velocity dependence, temperature profile, power, lifetime, gas supply, and analytical methods. BET and chemisorption are often also performed in the catalysis laboratory due to their thematic proximity. The catalysis laboratory should be distinguished from a chemistry laboratory, which investigates the chemical and physical properties […]
Contact process (production of sulfuric acid)
The contact process is the most important industrial method for the production of sulfuric acid and is among the most important industrial processes in inorganic chemistry. It is based on the catalytic oxidation of sulfur dioxide (SO₂) to sulfur trioxide (SO₃) in the presence of a C&CS #1394 platinum catalyst for SO₂ oxidation. The catalyst is typically used in monolithic form with innovative washcoat technology. First, sulfur dioxide is […]
oleum
Oleum, also known as fuming sulfuric acid, is a highly concentrated solution of sulfuric acid containing sulfur trioxide (SO₃). It is produced via a contact process in which sulfur dioxide (SO₂) is catalytically oxidized to sulfur trioxide (SO₃). In such plants, this process can be carried out using the C&CS #1394 platinum catalyst for SO₂ oxidation. The generated SO₃ is then dissolved in concentrated sulfuric acid […]
Halogenated hydrocarbons
Halogenated hydrocarbons, including hydrogen chlorides (CHCs), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), are synthetic organic compounds that have been and are used in various industrial applications. CFCs consist of carbon, chlorine, fluorine, and hydrogen and were long used as refrigerants, propellants in aerosol cans, and solvents. Due to their high chemical stability, they enter […]
dry bed absorption
Dry bed absorption in the semiconductor industry is a safe, passive method for treating exhaust gases from ion implantation, SiO2 etching, and other processes, and is also used as an emergency absorber gas cabinet. It removes toxic substances through chemical reactions on solid adsorbents; key concepts here are chemisorption, stoichiometric reactions, and purification levels. Commonly encountered gases that need to be removed (toxic and greenhouse gases) include ammonia, hydrogen chloride, silanes, NF3, CF4, SF6, AsH3, and others.
exhaust gas purification (catalytic)
Catalytic exhaust gas purification is a process used in industry to reduce pollutants in exhaust gases through chemical reactions on a catalyst. Harmful substances such as nitrogen oxides (NOₓ), carbon monoxide (CO), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and particulate matter are converted into less harmful compounds such as nitrogen (N₂), carbon dioxide (CO₂), and water (H₂O). The catalyst is a […]
Molecular sieve
Molecular sieves belong to the group of zeolites. These materials, composed of aluminum silicates, are used to separate molecules according to their size or shape. The term "molecular sieve" derives from the ability of these materials to sieve molecules based on their molecular dimensions. A key characteristic of molecular sieves is their defined pore size, which is typically in the range of 3 to […]
